The research of diffusion tensor imaging on different stages of neurocysticercosis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To study the staging of cerebral parenchymal cysticercosis by fractional anisotropy(FA) value and average diffusion coefficient(DCavg) value on diffusion tensor imaging(DTI). Methods Forty-eight patients (30 men and 18 wemen) with cerebral parenchymal cysticercosis were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from January in 2015 to December in 2016.Their averge age was(34±11)years(rang from 19 to 65 years).Eight patients with subclinical stage, 13 patients with vesicular stage, 15 patients with colloidal-vesicular stage,and 12 patients with granular-nodular stage of cerebral neurocysticercosis were included in this study. The data of FA and DCavg of lesions with different stages were measured, as well as the contralateral normal brain parenchyma. The FA values and DCavg values of lesions were analyzed by variance analysis,respectively.Paired t test was used to compare the FA and DCavg values of the lesions and the contralateral brain.Results The FA values of lesions with subclinical stage, vesicular stage, colloidal-vesicular stage, and granular-nodular stage of cerebral parenchymal cysticercosis were 0.074 7±0.002 5,0.105 8±0.003 1,0.127 3±0.002 1,and 0.159 3±0.001 4, respectively.The differences were statistically significant among the stages(F=639.17,P<0.05).The DCavg values were(1.312 5±0.006 7)×10-3,(1.514 2±0.005 9)×10-3,(1.112 1±0.005 8)×10-3,and(1.093 2±0.008 4)× 10-3mm2/s for lesions with each stage, respectively. There was a significant difference in the DCavg values among the stages(P<0.05).The data of FA and DCavg for lesions with every stage had a significant difference from those of normal contralateral brain(F=491.24, P<0.05). Conclusion The parameters FA and DCavg values of diffusion tensor imaging may be helpful in the diagnosis of different stages of cerebral parenchymal cysticercosis,and may provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Investigation on the Demands and Evaluation of Medical Personnel and Patients towards Clinical Pharmacists in 56 Third Grade Class A Hospitals of 17 Provinces(Regions,Cities) / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the clinical pharmacists to determine their work orientation,and improve their work mode and pharmaceutical care level. METHODS:The questionnaire survey was conducted among doctors,nurses, patients and pharmacists from 65 third grade class A hospitals of 18 provinces(regions,cities)in China. The collected data were analyzed statistically and suggestions were presented. RESULTS:Totally 3 840 questionnaires were sent out,3 045 were effectively received with a recovery of 79.30%[involving 56 third grade class A hospitals of 17 provinces(regions,cities)]. Of 3 045 valid questionnaires,1 001 questionnaires were filled out by the doctors and nurses,1 013 questionnaires were filled by the pharmacists and 1 031 questionnaires were filled out by the patients. 88.45% of the survey doctors and nurses thought that clinical pharmacists were needed in their wards. The major clinical pharmaceutical care they needed were the participation of clinical pharmacists in the clinical ward round,patients management,difficult case discussions,consultation(77.32%),etc. 64.54% of the survey doctors and nurses thought that clinical pharmacists could participate the clinical work and solve some simple medicine-related problems, and 27.17% of the survey doctors and nurses thought that clinical pharmacists could resolve clinical medicine-related problems. 14.59% of the survey doctors and nurses believed that clinical pharmacists lacked clinical thinking and could not communicate with medical staff. The most common problems the survey medical staff met were as follows:ADR (78.02%),usage and dosage(72.83%),contraindications(72.63%),drug indication(63.14%)and solvent selection (61.74%),etc. As regards the ratio of working time which clinical pharmacists spent on their clinical work,over 50%(35.55%)and 30%(23.46%)were most chosen by the survey pharmacists,while 13.19% of the survey pharmacists thought clinical pharmacists almost did not participate in clinical work. The survey pharmacists thought that there were some deficiencies in the knowledge structure of clinical pharmacists, such as clinical medical science and therapeutics(92.50%), communication skills(47.19%),professional knowledge of pharmacy(46.10%),etc. 87.90% of the survey patients were willing to accept the medication guidance provided by clinical pharmacists. The services they required were as follows:medication guidance(79.92%),observation and discovery of medication problem(71.00%),etc. CONCLUSIONS:Medical staff and patients have demands in many ways associated with clinical work and rational drug use provided by clinical pharmacists,while the clinical pharmacists have yet not reached the demands of medical staff and patients in regard to their evaluation. It is suggested that the clinical pharmacists should ascertain their work orientation,improve their work mode,participate the clinical work in full-time, complete their knowledge structure and ascent their pharmaceutical service level.

Case analysis of linezolid in treatment of hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia after ineffective glycopeptide antibiotics treatment / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the case of inezolid in effectively treating hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylo-coccus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia after ineffective glycopeptide antibiotics treatment in order to provide opinions for the clinical use .Methods The antibacterial drugs analysis was performed on 1 case of hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia after acute subdural hematoma removal operation in this hospital ,and the curative effects and economic indicators of glycopeptide antibacterial drugs and inezolid were conducted the evidence-based evaluation .Results Using glycopeptide antibacterial drugs in this patient had poor cura-tive effect ,and then changing to inezolid anti-infection treatment obtained the success .This patient used vancomycin 2 g ,generic teicoplanin 400 mg and inezolid 1200 mg per day ;the average daily costs were 497 ,341 ,788 Yuan respectively .Conclusion Lin-ezolid can be selected for treating hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia patient after ineffective glycopeptide antibacterial drugs treat-ment .

Observation on clinical effect of Guyouling Liniment in treatment of soft tissue contusion / 重庆医学

Objective To invetigate the clinical effect of Guyouling Liniment in the treatment of soft tissue contusion.Methods Sixty-three cases of soft tissue contusion in our hospital from October 2012 to January 2014 were selected and divided into the treatment group (n=32)and control group(n=31).The treatment group were treated with Guyouling Liniment and the control group adopted Indomethacin Liniment.The effects were compared between the two groups.Results Twenty-six cases(81.13％) in the treatment group were cured and 30 cases (93.75％) were effective;23 cases(74.19％) in the control group were cured and 27 cases (87.10％) were effective.The clinical effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group with statistical difference(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the pain degree and stasis purple area in the treatment group were significantly alleviated,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Guyouling Liniment has significant effect in the treatment of soft tissue contusion and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Investigation of antibiotic use and a comparative analysis of therapeutic efficacy before and after intervention / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the rationality of antibiotic use in Chongqing before and after intervention and its inter vention effect.Methods 16 200 cases,54 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption in 2011 from Chongqing sub network of Health and Family Planning Commission antibacterial drug monitoring network were selected as control group;48 600 cases,162 000 outpatient prescriptions and annual average antimicrobial consumption from 2012 to 2014 were selected as intervention group.The use rate of antimicrobial agents in outpatients,the intensity of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the percentage of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the average number of antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients,the combined use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients were retrospectively studies.Results Except for the utilization rate of antibiotics in the outpatients and the density of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients,the utilization rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients,the microbiology inspection rate of application of antibiotics in non surgical treatment (％),the average use days of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients(days) and the combination rate of antibiotics in the hospitalized patients from 2012 to 2014 (after intervention) had significant impact in comparison with 2011 (before intervention).Conclusion Through the clinical pharmacistes' participating in the intervention in reasonable use of antibiotics and a variety of powerful intervention measures,the rationality of antibiotic use is feasible.

Effect of lipide diet on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in Beagle dogs / 重庆医学

Objective To study the effect of lipide diet on pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin (Lfox) in beagle dogs .Methods In randomized cross over experiment ,6 Beagle dogs were given Lfox 10 mg/kg at the condition of empty stomach or with lipide diet for 2 week .Plasma concentration of Lfox was determined by HPLC at different time (during 48 h) .The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 software .Results The plasma concentration-time curves were two compartment modelat the condition of empty stomach or lipide diet .Main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows :t1/2β:(11 .07 ± 8 .46)and(21 .79 ± 4 .59)h ;tmax :(3 .42 ± 0 .41) and(2 .00 ± 0 .32)h;Cmax :(2 .71 ± 0 .60)and(2 .52 ± 0 .38)μg/mL ;AUC0→ t :(36 .51 ± 8 .66) and(37 .19 ± 8 .21)μg · h-1 · mL -1 ,respectively .There were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of tmax (P<0 .01)except for t1/2β、Cmax and AUC0→ t .Conclusion Lipide diet can quicken tmax ,has no effect on the absorption of Lfox .

Analysis of the effectiveness of remediation of antibacterials in a third-grade class-A hospital / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the effectiveness of remediation of antimicrobials in a third-grade class-A hospital .Methods Using retrospective analysis to analyze the clinical application of antimicrobials related data during July .2011 to Nov .2011(before remediation) and July .2012 to Nov .2012(after remediation) .Results The ratio of antimicrobial cost ,the proportion of outpatient antimicrobial prescribing ,inpatient antimicrobial usage and AUD fell respectively from 13 .73% ,16 .97% ,59 .93% and 72 .71 DDDs/100 persons day before remediation to 7 .37% ,13 .83% ,44 .88% and 40 .08 DDDs/100 persons day after remediation ;indica-tors of antibacterial use in clean surgery improved greatly ;the structure of antibacterials changed significantly .Conclusion After extensive antimicrobial special rectification ,the clinical use of antimicrobials is rationalized ,a number of indicators are in line with the Ministry of Health ,its management experience is worth using for reference .But there are still some problems which call for at-tention .

Bioequivalence of Simvastain Tablets in Healthy Volunteers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bioequivalence between two kinds of Simvastain Tablets.METHODS: A single dose of 40mg of domestic Simvastain Tablets(test preparation) and imported Simvastain Tablets(reference preparation) was administered by randomized crossover way in 20 healthy volunteers with plasma concentrations of simvastain determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 pharmacokinetic program and the bioavailability was evaluated.RESULTS: The concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted one compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test preparation vs.the reference preparation were as follows: Cmax:(13.23?4.41) ng?mL-1 vs.(12.68?4.43) ng?mL-1;tmax:(1.64?1.20) h vs.(1.54?1.28) h;AUC0～12:(47.48?22.96)vs.(44.49?18.47) ng?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞:(50.87?24.06) ng?h?mL-1 vs.(47.11?19.54) ng?h?mL-1.The relative bioavailability of the test simvastain tablets was(106.72?15.20)%.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that two preparations are bioequivalent.

Plerosis Effect of Sodium Magnesium Fructose Diphosphate on Hypoxia/ Reoxygenation Injury of My-ocardial Cells in Vitro / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the plerosis effect of sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate (FDPM) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of myocardial cells and the possible mechanism. METHODS: The myocardial cells which had been primary cultured for 4 days were used to establish H/R injury model before being assigned to five groups: H/R, H/R+FDPM (4.8, 2.4, 1.2 mg?mL-1). Then set up normal control with normal cells. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and the intracellular level of free calcium ([Ca2+]i) were detected after being treated with corresponding drugs, and the ultrastructures of myocardial cells were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: As compared with H/R group, FDPM groups significantly decreased the activities of LDH and CPK and the level of [Ca2+]i (P

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Domestic Citalopram Hydrobromide Tablet in Healthy Volunteers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability between domestic(test)and imported(reference)citalopram hydrobromide tablets and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two preparations.METHODS:A single dose of 40 mg test tablet or reference tablet of citalopram hydrobromide was administered by randomized crossover way in 20 healthy male volunteers and the plasma concentrations of the citalopram hydrobromide were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 pharmacokinetic program and the bioavailability was evaluated.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of two preparations fitted two compartment mode1.The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test preparation versus the reference preparation were as follows,Cmax:(147.00?86.04)ng?mL-1 vs.(154.13?87.57)ng?mL-1;tmax:(4.55?1.35)h vs(4.75?1.65)h;AUC0～196:(6 590.69 ? 1 866.00)ng?h?mL-1 vs.(7 156.26?2 181.18)ng?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞:(7 767.56?2 193.92)ng?h?mL-1 vs.(8 433.45?2 631.88)ng?h?mL-1.The relative bioavailability of the test citalopram hydrobromide tablet was(92.10?18.68)%.CONCLUSION:The domestic and the reference citalopram hydrobromide tablet are bioequivalent.